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Logic and Reasoning details in Introduction to AI. Modern Algebra Magma magma 代数系统 Binary operation assume S is a set mapping f: S×S→SS\times S\rightarrow SS×S→S is a dyadic operation on S. dyadic operation 二元运算: The result of the dyadic operation is still belong to S. Every element in S can participate in the dyadic operation and get a unique result. e.g. In the natural number set N addition and multiplication are binary operators on N, but subtraction and division are not. Quasigroup ...

Data Structure List 1234list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]print ("list1[0]: ", list1[0])print ("list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]) Tuple similar to List, but the element in tuple can’t be changed 1234tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )print ("tup1[0]: ", tup1[0])print ("tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]) Dictionary { key : value } 123dict = {'Na ...

Number System Decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal (how to transfer) Logic Operation and or not nand(与非) nor(或非) xor(异或) Boolean Function Y=AB‾+A‾B+B‾C‾+ACY=A\overline B+\overline AB+\overline B\overline C+ACY=AB+AB+BC+AC Karnaugh Map simplify the Boolean function. A\BC 00 01 11 10 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Adjacent 2 ‘1’ can be merged result is not only. both A‾C‾+AB‾+BC\overline A\overline C+A\overline B+BCAC+AB+BC and A‾B+AC+B‾C‾\overline AB+AC+\overline B\overline CAB+AC+BC are correc ...

Displacement velocity, time and displacement displacement=integral of speed with respect to time. Common Force Netwon’s laws of motion Work and Energy Kinetic energy theorem law of conservation of mechanical energy law of conservation of energy Momentum Law of conservation of momentum Circumferential Motion law of conservation of angular momentum moment of momentum Simple Harmonic Motion details Electric Field Electric Field Intensity Gauss’s Law: the electric flux through a closed surfac ...

Data Type 12345678910int aint;float afloat;long long alonglong;double adouble;typedef struct{ int num; char name[20]; float fsocre;}student;student stu1, stu[31]; Pointer A pointer holds the address of the other objects, and we can directly access the physical memory address of the pointed object by using pointer. 123int var_run=10;int *p;p=&var_run; datatype of pointer p must align with var_run. Function Overloading 123456789101112131415161718#include<stdlib.h>#i ...

Determinant It’s a function whose definition domain is the n×nn\times nn×n matrix AAA. Für eine nur aus einem Koeffizienten bestehende 1×11\times11×1-Matrix AAA ist det⁡A=det⁡(a11)=a11\det A=\det(a_{11})=a_{11}detA=det(a11​)=a11​ ist AAA eine 2×22\times 22×2-Matrix, dann ist det⁡A=det⁡(a11a12a21a22)=a11∗a22−a12∗a21\det A=\det\left(\begin{array}{cc}a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{array}\right)=a_{11}*a_{22}-a_{12}*a_{21}detA=det(a11​a21​​a12​a22​​)=a11​∗a22​−a12​∗a21​ für eine N× ...

Single Variable Derivative A function of a real variable y=f(x)y=f(x)y=f(x) is differentiable at a point aaa of its domain, if its domain contains an open interval III containing aaa, the limit: L=lim⁡h→0f(a+h)−f(a)hL=\lim_{h\rightarrow0}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}L=limh→0​hf(a+h)−f(a)​ L’Hôpital’s Rule Used to find the limit value of an expression The limits of the numerator (分子) and denominator (分母) are both 0 or infinite. Taylor’s Formular f(x)=∑i=0∞fi(x0)i!(x−x0)if(x)=\sum_{i=0}^\infty\frac{f^ ...

Overview software development models waterfall model Divided the whole model into parts, we must finish the last task first, before starting the next task. The output of the last task is the input of the next task. incremental model Using Waterfall Model iteratively, develop a subset of the whole task, then do it repeatedly. rapid prototype model Quickly develop a subset of the program that is usable and deliver it the costumer. Gradually adjusting it according to the customers’ demand. ...

Overview Gradient Vanishing/Exploding Gradient Descent Batch Gradient Descent Stochastic Gradient Descent Mini-batch Gradient Descent Overfitting+Underfitting Backpropagation Useful Data Argumentation Method Active Function Several Network CNN RNN, LSTM Generative Models Gradient Vanishing/Exploding Active function (sigmoid) + depth of the network: Gradient vanishing refers to the situation where the gradient of the loss function with respect to the weights of the network becomes very sm ...

Overview Definition Difference between compiler & interpreter Front-end of Compiler Lexical Analyzer Read src l2r and produces a sequence of tokens. check the error of lexical and register on the symbol table. Token consists of work-type-code and word-value formal language Parser check if the sequence of tokens follow the grammatical rules, group the tokens into grammatical units and construct the Parse Tree, by middle-order traverse the Parse Tree we will get the original input strin ...