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Data Type 12345678910int aint;float afloat;long long alonglong;double adouble;typedef struct{ int num; char name[20]; float fsocre;}student;student stu1, stu[31]; Pointer A pointer holds the address of the other objects, and we can directly access the physical memory address of the pointed object by using pointer. 123int var_run=10;int *p;p=&var_run; datatype of pointer p must align with var_run. Function Overloading 123456789101112131415161718#include<stdlib.h>#i ...

Determinant It’s a function whose definition domain is the n×nn\times nn×n matrix AAA. Für eine nur aus einem Koeffizienten bestehende 1×11\times11×1-Matrix AAA ist det⁡A=det⁡(a11)=a11\det A=\det(a_{11})=a_{11}detA=det(a11​)=a11​ ist AAA eine 2×22\times 22×2-Matrix, dann ist det⁡A=det⁡(a11a12a21a22)=a11∗a22−a12∗a21\det A=\det\left(\begin{array}{cc}a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{array}\right)=a_{11}*a_{22}-a_{12}*a_{21}detA=det(a11​a21​​a12​a22​​)=a11​∗a22​−a12​∗a21​ für eine N× ...

Single Variable Derivative A function of a real variable y=f(x)y=f(x)y=f(x) is differentiable at a point aaa of its domain, if its domain contains an open interval III containing aaa, the limit: L=lim⁡h→0f(a+h)−f(a)hL=\lim_{h\rightarrow0}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}L=limh→0​hf(a+h)−f(a)​ L’Hôpital’s Rule Used to find the limit value of an expression The limits of the numerator (分子) and denominator (分母) are both 0 or infinite. Taylor’s Formular f(x)=∑i=0∞fi(x0)i!(x−x0)if(x)=\sum_{i=0}^\infty\frac{f^ ...

Overview software development models waterfall model Divided the whole model into parts, we must finish the last task first, before starting the next task. The output of the last task is the input of the next task. incremental model Using Waterfall Model iteratively, develop a subset of the whole task, then do it repeatedly. rapid prototype model Quickly develop a subset of the program that is usable and deliver it the costumer. Gradually adjusting it according to the customers’ demand. ...

Overview Gradient Vanishing/Exploding Gradient Descent Batch Gradient Descent Stochastic Gradient Descent Mini-batch Gradient Descent Overfitting+Underfitting Backpropagation Useful Data Argumentation Method Active Function Several Network CNN RNN, LSTM Generative Models Gradient Vanishing/Exploding Active function (sigmoid) + depth of the network: Gradient vanishing refers to the situation where the gradient of the loss function with respect to the weights of the network becomes very sm ...

Overview Definition Difference between compiler & interpreter Front-end of Compiler Lexical Analyzer Read src l2r and produces a sequence of tokens. check the error of lexical and register on the symbol table. Token consists of work-type-code and word-value formal language Parser check if the sequence of tokens follow the grammatical rules, group the tokens into grammatical units and construct the Parse Tree, by middle-order traverse the Parse Tree we will get the original input strin ...

Overview Application Layer HTTP: on TCP or other SMTP DNS FTP Transport Layer RDT GBN Selective Repeat Congestion Control Connection Establish and Release SYN 1 1 0 FIN 1 1 Network Layer IP CIDR DHCP NAT Routing Algorithm OSPF BGP Link Layer CRC checksum Protocol Layer Application Layer: support network applications (FTP, HTTP, SMTP) Transport Layer: host-host data transfer (TCP, UDP) Network Layer: Routing of Datagrams from source to destination. (IP, Routing protocol) Lin ...

Overview Brief Intro Application of AL & RE Big/Little-endian Basic info of IA32 Architecture Work Mode Register Assembly Instruction Data Define mov, add, cmp, ja, jb, jg, jl, in&out, push&pop jmp&loop Addressing Mode Direct Addressing Register Direct Addressing Register Indirect Addressing Register Relative Addressing Base Index Addressing Interrupt INTR INTP Interrupt Type Code Keep the break point Interrupt Vector Table Block Memory attribute: readable, writea ...

Overview Definition Storage System Evaluate Amdahl’s Law MIPS MFLOPS Benchmarking Parallel Technology Pipeline IF ID EX MEM WB Conflict Avoiding Definition Refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer, or those attributes have direct impact on logical execution of program. The relationship between computer architecture and computer organization: Computer organization is the logical implement of Computer architecture. A architecture can have many computer organization. ...

Overview Definition Resources Management Process State PCB Process Communication Message Passing Shared Memory Process Scheduling Priority Thread User Thread Kernel Thread Thread Pool Deadlock Solutions: resources allocation diagram Preventions: apply and release concentrate Memory Management Linking Static Link Dynamic Link Memory Allocation Contiguous Allocation Fixed Partition Variable Partition: first fit / best fit Pagination Allocation Page Table (Logical Addr to ...